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- WORLD, Page 37DIPLOMACYPostcards from an Edgy Trip
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- Jim Baker discovers plenty of listeners but few takers as he
- tries to peddle peace in the Middle East
-
- By J.F.O. MCALLISTER with BAKER
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- While Secretary of State James Baker's plane taxied
- toward waiting dignitaries in Cairo two weeks ago, a senior
- official hurried to the rear of the cabin on a damage-control
- mission. Earlier that day Jordan's King Hussein had endorsed
- Baker's peace odyssey, but without publicly committing himself
- to joining the regional conference Baker was pushing.
- Journalists aboard Baker's plane, however, thought the more
- compelling story was that Saudi Arabia -- touted by Washington
- for months as the keystone of a new moderate Arab alliance --
- would not attend the conference as a full member. The official
- tried to persuade the reporters that King Hussein's warm but
- vague words deserved the headlines. "Fasten your seat belts --
- emergency spin control," cracked one reporter.
-
- But even the most accomplished spinners could not turn
- Baker's nine-country, 12-day journey into a whirling success.
- No leader told Baker to get lost, but none gave him a good
- reason to stick around either. Journalists on the trip dubbed
- Baker the "Secretary of Stealth" for refusing to outline his
- overall strategy. But his broad goals are clear. He is trying
- to convene a conference under whose umbrella Israel would talk
- directly to Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon. Also present would
- be Palestinian representatives, seeking to enhance their
- political power in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza
- Strip. If the Palestinians could be satisfied, Baker believes,
- Syria and Jordan could bury their differences with Israel. So
- could other Arab states like Saudi Arabia, now slated to attend
- the parley in some adjunct status.
-
- But nearly everything about this conference -- its
- structure, members and agenda -- is in dispute. Syria, for
- example, insists that the U.N. play an "important role,'' the
- better to pressure Israel into withdrawing from the occupied
- territories. But Israel does not trust the U.N., and has
- rejected any role for it, preferring that Washington and Moscow
- co-sponsor an opening session and then let Israel, the Arabs and
- the Palestinians confer on their own. A possible compromise may
- have the European Community, which lusts after more diplomatic
- clout, replacing or joining the U.N. Israel also refuses to talk
- with any Palestinians connected with the P.L.O. or who live in
- East Jerusalem, which Israel insists is not part of the occupied
- West Bank. But the Palestinians with whom the U.S. has been
- meeting do not want Israel to hold veto power over their
- delegation.
-
- Baker, who hates to see his name and the word failure in
- the same news story, abandoned his first peace effort a year
- ago because of Israeli intransigence. Last week flashes of
- frustration occasionally cracked through his self-discipline.
- He slept poorly, acted testy with reporters after a 9 1/2-hour
- session with Syrian President Hafez Assad and went running to
- let off steam.
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- Baker insists that the outcome of the gulf war has opened
- a "window of opportunity" for peace in the region, and to some
- degree he is right. The P.L.O. is in disarray and is no longer
- heavily subsidized by Arab states. King Hussein, who supported
- Saddam Hussein, needs to work his way back into Washington's
- favor to get U.S. aid flowing again. The Soviet Union, Syria's
- longtime patron, now supports the American strategy, seeing the
- Middle East as a low-cost arena for building up credit with
- Washington. That support was crystallized in Soviet Foreign
- Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh's announcement that Moscow
- would co-sponsor the peace conference, which will require it to
- restore full diplomatic ties with Israel first. He is planning
- a Baker-like circuit of the Middle East in early May and is
- expected to visit Israel.
-
- But the window of opportunity has opened only a crack, and
- can easily slam shut again. During Baker's journey, Israelis
- inaugurated two new settlements in the occupied territories --
- a remarkable slap in the face to the Secretary of State. Arab
- governments, especially those that cooperated with the U.S.
- during the gulf war, "are now feeling domestic pressure to be
- more Arab than ever," says Robert Keeley, president of the
- Middle East Institute in Washington. Jordan, Syria and the
- Palestinians are sidestepping the question of whether they would
- join the talks; only Egypt has said yes. And while Moscow's
- cooperation is welcomed, the U.S.S.R. has little leverage in the
- Middle East, certainly not enough to deliver Syria or the
- Palestinians.
-
- At least the Secretary of State has kept his sense of
- humor. Before meeting Bessmertnykh in Kislovodsk, Baker was
- given a tour of the Caucasus Mountain resort. Standing atop
- limestone cliffs, he was asked how clearly he could see peace
- ahead. He gestured toward vast Mount Elbrus in the distance and
- deadpanned, "I can see things extraordinarily clearly." The peak
- was barely visible through the afternoon haze.
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